{"id":51998,"date":"2024-07-04T13:39:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-04T12:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=51998"},"modified":"2024-07-04T13:39:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T12:39:16","slug":"africa-cannot-afford-to-be-complacent-about-solar-radiation-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/07\/04\/africa-cannot-afford-to-be-complacent-about-solar-radiation-management\/","title":{"rendered":"Africa cannot afford to be complacent about solar radiation management"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Saliem Fakir is the executive director of the African Climate Foundation. Shuchi Talati (PhD) is the executive director of the Alliance for Just Deliberation on Solar Geoengineering.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><strong><span class=\"s1\">Global temperatures have crossed 1.1<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>o<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\">C above pre-industrial levels. They are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/2022\/04\/04\/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease\/\"><span class=\"s3\">likely to cross the 1.5<\/span><span class=\"s4\"><sup>o<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s3\">C<\/span><\/a> Paris Agreement threshold within the next decade, and despite countries\u2019 pledges to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions entering the atmosphere, the world is likely to breach<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>2<\/span><span class=\"s2\"><sup>o<\/sup><\/span><span class=\"s1\">C of warming. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Moving beyond these thresholds significantly raises <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41558-022-01545-9\"><span class=\"s3\">the threat of irreversible tipping points <\/span><\/a>around the world.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">While scientists insist that decarbonization efforts, net-zero targets, and wide-scale adaptation must be prioritized, the <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/topics\/global-stocktake\">Global Stocktake<\/a> Report notes that our emissions keep rising. Given this race against time, controversial approaches are being put on the table, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/based-on-science\/would-solar-geoengineering-help-slow-global-warming\"><span class=\"s3\">solar radiation modification<\/span><\/a> (SRM, also known as solar geoengineering), a potential stopgap measure against worsening climate change.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Still in its research infancy, SRM refers to large-scale, intentional interventions that increase the amount of sunlight reflected back into space to counteract some types of climate change impacts. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">If ever used, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii\/\"><span class=\"s3\">it is proposed as a range of relatively fast-acting approaches with potential global benefits, but even this may well be debatable<\/span><\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000386677\"><span class=\"s3\">Governance<\/span><\/a> over the use or non-use of these technologies needs a global approach that requires deep public understanding.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Untangling uncertainty<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/Solar-Radiation-Modification-research-deployment\">SRM technologies offer two sides of the same coin \u2013<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s1\"> potential benefits include reducing global temperature rise and secondary benefits such as slowing the rate of sea level rise, and limiting harm to the poles, but potential risks include impacts on precipitation patterns, agriculture, and biodiversity.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Uncertainty exists in both the science and the social response. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The usefulness of SRM in the context of climate change is deeply dependent on how science unfolds, who the decision makers are, who has access, willingness, capacity and resources required to master these technologies and the context within which it exists. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/02\/29\/nations-fail-to-agree-ban-or-research-on-solar-geoengineering-regulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><strong>Nations fail to agree<\/strong> ban or research on solar geoengineering<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">To be clear, SRM is not a solution to climate change. It can only be considered alongside robust decarbonization and adaptation efforts. Given the early stages of the development of SRM, more information, discussion, and open-minded conversations with broad groups of stakeholders are needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">We are at a clear inflection point for the field where momentum is clearly shifting in funding, research, media, and governance. <\/span><span class=\"s1\">However, much of the narrative about SRM is currently being built in the Global North, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2024\/06\/14\/1093778\/foundations-are-lining-up-to-fund-geoengineering-research\/\"><span class=\"s3\">where the majority of research and funding on this subject exists.<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<h3>African voices unheard<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The use, or non-use, of this suite of technologies will have global impacts. <a href=\"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/glep\/article\/22\/1\/12\/106768\/Who-Are-the-Engineers-Solar-Geoengineering\"><span class=\"s3\">It is all the more important for the Global South to be actively <\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s3\">and effectively engaged with SRM research and governance<\/span><span class=\"s1\">, due to its potential impacts on their climate vulnerable communities.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Despite Africa\u2019s low contributions (&lt; 4%) to global greenhouse gas emissions, it <a href=\"https:\/\/wmo.int\/news\/media-centre\/africa-suffers-disproportionately-from-climate-change\"><span class=\"s3\">suffers disproportionate climate change impacts<\/span><\/a>. Its agrarian-dependent economy<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"s5\"> necessitates an elevated interest in changing local and regional weather patterns; there are strong incentives for Africa <\/span><span class=\"s1\">to better understand the physical and socio-economic implications of SRM.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">African <a href=\"https:\/\/www.degrees.ngo\/degrees-modelling-fund\/the-projects\/\"><span class=\"s3\">research<\/span><\/a> and policy perspectives on SRM are starting, highlighting several gaps that exist in understanding how these technologies may benefit or harm the continent\u2019s climate efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/07\/01\/eu-green-funds-invest-millions-in-expanding-coal-giants-in-china-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>EU \u201cgreen\u201d funds<\/strong> invest millions in expanding coal giants in China, India<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">One key example is the recent deliberation on a SRM resolution at the Sixth United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-6). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.twn.my\/title2\/climate\/info.service\/2024\/cc240302.htm\"><span class=\"s3\">The Africa Group (AG) functioned as a bloc during the deliberation<\/span><\/a>, and proposed the establishment of a publicly accessible repository of existing scientific information, research, and activities on SRM, including submissions from member states and stakeholders. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">While the resolution did not reach consensus, the deliberations signified an important shift that African nations are starting to weigh in on the issue.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Building awareness<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">But more resources, expertise, and engagement are necessary to generate African knowledge and capacity across a range of sectors to contribute to &#8211; and start leading &#8211; SRM deliberations in the international sphere. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Policymakers across Africa need access to relevant information and an informed civil society sector to shape decisions. Diverse perspectives on whether and how to consider SRM, with grounding and knowledge in the near term, can help African nations prepare for the critical decisions to come.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Building awareness on this topic, with unbiased information rooted in science and based in the African context, will provide answers from both physical and social science perspectives for inclusive and fair SRM decision-making.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/06\/28\/un-action-on-gender-and-climate-faces-uphill-climb-as-warming-hits-women-hard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"s1\"><strong>UN action on gender<\/strong> and climate faces uphill climb as warming hurts women<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Driving demand to focus on specific issues that Africans are raising, and <a href=\"https:\/\/sgdeliberation.org\/publications\/building-solar-geoengineering-governance-capacity\/\"><span class=\"s3\">building their capacity <\/span><\/a><\/span><span class=\"s3\">to govern<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> through their key government and NGO institutions, is necessary to enable informed deliberations on SRM regulations at national, regional and international levels.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">This summer, the <a href=\"https:\/\/africanclimatefoundation.org\/\"><span class=\"s3\">African Climate Foundation<\/span><\/a> and The <a href=\"https:\/\/sgdeliberation.org\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Alliance for Just Deliberation on Solar Geoengineering<\/span><\/a> are kicking off a series of Africa-focused workshops to build knowledge around the science, governance, and justice dimensions of SRM. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The first two in the series will highlight African scientists and thought leaders and are virtual and open to the public. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">We hope to catalyze interest and engagement across the African continent, widen public discourse on SRM and ensure these discussions go beyond certain circles of experts and the negotiating community. Debates on SRM need to reflect the full spectrum of interests in Africa, and it is time for voices across the continent to coordinate and coalesce.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As the solar geoengineering debate heats up, it is time for voices across the continent to work together and make themselves heard","protected":false},"author":241,"featured_media":52000,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,159,3861],"tags":[],"coauthors":[5197,5198],"class_list":["post-51998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-climate-science","category-comment","type-comment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Africa cannot afford to be complacent with solar 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