{"id":50769,"date":"2024-05-30T17:52:13","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T16:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=50769"},"modified":"2024-05-31T13:27:47","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T12:27:47","slug":"despite-exit-eu-seeks-to-save-green-reforms-to-energy-investment-treaty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/05\/30\/despite-exit-eu-seeks-to-save-green-reforms-to-energy-investment-treaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Despite exit, EU seeks to save green reforms to energy investment treaty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Prospects have brightened for green reforms to a controversial international treaty that protects fossil fuel investments, as ministers of European Union states agreed on Thursday that countries can still choose to support the reforms despite the bloc&#8217;s decision to quit the pact.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2024\/05\/30\/energy-charter-treaty-council-gives-final-green-light-to-eu-s-withdrawal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a>, a gathering of EU ministers called the Council of the EU said the decision &#8220;unlocked the process of modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) for its non-EU contracting parties&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The compromise allows the EU as a body to withdraw from the treaty, while individual EU member states can stay in and approve the green reforms at a conference due to take place this year, if they wish.<\/p>\n<p>The ECT currently allows all energy companies &#8211; including coal, oil and gas firms &#8211; to sue governments over climate and other policies they see as a threat to their current and future profits.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed reforms to modernise the ECT, which are due to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/CCDECS\/2023\/CCDEC202325.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voted on in November<\/a>, would make it easier for ECT countries to prevent the treaty being used as a basis for lawsuits involving fossil fuel assets that are affected by green economy measures.<\/p>\n<p>However, with several European countries already filing their notice to leave the ECT, it is unclear whether a sufficient number of EU states will stay in the treaty long enough to get the reforms approved. As part of today&#8217;s EU Council agreement, the EU confirmed it would leave the treaty.<\/p>\n<p>Other ECT member states, including Japan and Kazakhstan, only grudgingly agreed to back the reforms under pressure from the European Commission.<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/17802381\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%!; margin-top: 4px!important; text-align: right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" style=\"text-decoration: none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/17802381\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/17802381\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 105px!important; height: 16px!important; border: none!important; margin: 0!important;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/made_with_flourish.svg\" alt=\"Made with Flourish\" \/> <\/a><\/div>\n<p>For the ECT &#8220;modernisation&#8221; proposal to be adopted, none of the treaty&#8217;s member governments &#8211; now numbering 49 &#8211; must vote against it at November&#8217;s conference. Then three-quarters of ECT members need to ratify the reforms for them to take effect.<\/p>\n<p>If the reforms fail, the ECT&#8217;s members across Europe and Asia will be unable to remove its protection for fossil fuel investments and &#8211; due to a 20-year sunset clause &#8211; even EU countries that have left would be exposed to lawsuits for that period.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Post-Soviet treaty<\/h3>\n<p>The ECT was conceived in the 1990s to boost investment flows between Western and post-Soviet countries. But its provisions to deter states from grabbing private assets have since been used by energy companies to fight back against climate policies.<em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In 2020, a British oil and gas company sued Slovenia over what it <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/09\/09\/fracking-company-sues-slovenia-unreasonable-environmental-protections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called<\/a> &#8220;unreasonable&#8221; environmental protections&#8221;, while German energy company Uniper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/05\/21\/uniper-uses-investment-treaty-fight-netherlands-coal-phaseout\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threatened to sue<\/a> the Dutch government for \u20ac1 billion ($1.1bn)\u00a0 over its coal phase-out plans.<\/p>\n<p>In lawsuits brought under the ECT last November, British oil company Kelsch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/nov\/20\/eu-germany-and-denmark-sued-by-oil-firm-over-windfall-tax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is suing<\/a> the EU, Germany and Denmark for at least 95 million euros ($102m) over a windfall tax on energy firms.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/04\/30\/g7-offers-tepid-response-to-appeal-for-bolder-climate-action\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>G7 offers tepid<\/strong> response to appeal for \u201cbolder\u201d climate action<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The European Commission <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/10\/28\/eu-tries-stop-fossil-fuel-companies-suing-states-climate-action\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reacted<\/a> to these and other cases by attempting to remove fossil fuels from the list of investments protected by the ECT &#8211; with the aim that it would apply only to clean energy assets.<\/p>\n<p>For two years, efforts by EU negotiators were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2020\/09\/08\/japan-blocks-green-reform-major-energy-investment-treaty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repeatedly blocked<\/a> by Japan and Kazakhstan. But in June 2022, a &#8220;flexibility mechanism&#8221; was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/06\/24\/eu-and-uk-will-end-investment-protection-for-fossil-fuels-in-10-years\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreed<\/a> that would allow ECT states to end protection for fossil fuels, as long as no other ECT state objected.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Europe divided<\/h3>\n<p>Despite European Commission negotiators finally winning this right, EU member countries were divided on how to apply it.<\/p>\n<p>Governments like France, Spain and Luxembourg wanted to immediately end protection for fossil fuel investments but faced push-back from several Eastern European countries.<\/p>\n<p>They agreed a compromise to stop protection for new fossil fuel investments but to continue it for existing investments for ten years &#8211; a decision that angered climate campaigners.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/04\/29\/drought-study-raises-tricky-questions-for-loss-and-damage-fund\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Southern Africa<\/strong> drought flags dilemma for loss and damage fund<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Friends of the Earth\u2019s Paul de Clerck said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/06\/24\/eu-and-uk-will-end-investment-protection-for-fossil-fuels-in-10-years\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at the time<\/a> it would \u201clock the EU in fossil fuel investment protection\u201d for a decade.<\/p>\n<p>Despite this agreement, by the time the annual\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/media\/news\/article\/the-33rd-meeting-of-the-energy-charter-conference-held-under-the-chairmanship-of-mongolia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ECT conference<\/a> came around in November 2022, EU governments no longer unanimously backed the reforms the European Commission had negotiated, and so they were shelved.<\/p>\n<h3>Locking in Asian fossil fuels<\/h3>\n<p>The EU&#8217;s stalling on the reforms drew an angry response from then head of the ECT secretariat, Guy Lentz of Luxembourg.<\/p>\n<p>In a letter to the leader of the European Parliament in February 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/02\/17\/ect-boss-accuses-eu-of-protecting-fossil-fuels-by-blocking-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he warned<\/a> that if the EU withdrew as a bloc before approving the modernisation, it would amount to &#8220;an express prohibition&#8221; for other ECT members to better align with the Paris Agreement on climate change.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/04\/25\/tensions-rise-over-who-will-donate-to-new-climate-finance-goal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Tensions rise<\/strong> over who will contribute to new climate finance goal<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>He added that failure to agree reforms would essentially allow fossil fuel companies to sue EU states for longer because of an existing 20-year sunset clause, which means energy companies can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/08\/24\/british-company-forces-italy-to-pay-e190m-for-offshore-oil-ban\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bring lawsuits<\/a> against governments for two decades even after a country leaves the treaty.<\/p>\n<p>EU states wanted to neutralise this sunset clause by agreeing a side deal between themselves not to apply the treaty. But Lentz said these attempts &#8220;may not provide the expected legal certainty&#8221;. Campaigners <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/02\/17\/ect-boss-accuses-eu-of-protecting-fossil-fuels-by-blocking-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accused him<\/a> of &#8220;bluffing&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Numbers game<\/h3>\n<p>EU countries then continued to debate among themselves whether to stay in or leave the ECT and &#8211; if they withdrew &#8211; whether to modernise it before exiting.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the ongoing talks, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energychartertreaty.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Depository_documents\/France\/Withdrawal_notification_France.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">France<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energychartertreaty.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Depository_documents\/Germany\/2022.12.19_-_Withdrawal_notification_Germany.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Germany<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energychartertreaty.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Depository_documents\/Poland\/2022.12.28_-_Withdrawal_notification_Poland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Poland<\/a> officially left the ECT in December 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/media\/news\/article\/written-notification-of-withdrawal-from-the-energy-charter-treaty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Luxembourg<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/media\/news\/article\/written-notification-of-withdrawal-from-the-energy-charter-treaty-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slovenia<\/a> will leave in June and October 2024 respectively. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Withdrawal_notifications\/2024.02.01_-_Withdrawal_notification_Portugal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Portugal<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Withdrawal_notifications\/2024.05.27_-_Withdrawal_notification_UK.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energycharter.org\/fileadmin\/DocumentsMedia\/Withdrawal_notifications\/2024.05.17_-_Withdrawal_notification_Spain.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spain<\/a> and the EU will leave next year.<\/p>\n<p>This debate was resolved today, with EU states&#8217; ministers agreeing to a compromise, brokered by the Belgian government. Governments that want to can stay and support the modernisation, but the EU itself <strong>can start process of exiting<\/strong> right away.<\/p>\n<p>Belgian energy minister Tinne Van der Straeten said her government had &#8220;worked tirelessly to break this complex deadlock and found a balance acceptable and useful to all&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The deal essentially makes the reforms contingent on timing and EU countries&#8217; commitment to reform.<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/17802464\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%!; margin-top: 4px!important; text-align: right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" style=\"text-decoration: none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/17802464\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/17802464\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 105px!important; height: 16px!important; border: none!important; margin: 0!important;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/made_with_flourish.svg\" alt=\"Made with Flourish\" \/> <\/a><\/div>\n<p>By November, after Luxembourg and Slovenia exit, there will be 47 ECT member states, including 22 from the EU. Eleven more &#8211; including the United Kingdom and Switzerland &#8211; are in Europe but not in the EU. Nine others are in Central Asia and three in the Middle East, with Japan and Mongolia the remaining two.<\/p>\n<p>E3G analyst Eunjung Lee said ECT modernisation &#8220;is still uncertain&#8221; but added &#8220;with the EU Council decision today, it is probable that the modernisation might pass, particularly if the voting takes place via correspondence&#8221;. <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The ECT approved this option in October 2022. It means the conference&#8217;s chair sets a deadline by which any objections should be sent in.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This will make things easier than voting at a conference, because unless there is a clear objection, the modernisation will be adopted&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>But even if the reform is approved, Lee said the ratification by three-quarters of countries &#8220;could take forever&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>De Clerck of Friends of the Earth agreed, saying &#8220;it is unclear if the reform would ever be ratified&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Reporting by Joe Lo; editing by Megan Rowling)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"EU ministers have agreed they are free to support reforms to end protection for fossil fuels at a conference\u00a0in\u00a0November","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":47683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1847,82,598,4229],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4545],"class_list":["post-50769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia","category-eu","category-fossil-fuels","category-climate-lawsuits","type-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Push to green Energy Charter Treaty on knife-edge, as EU exits<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EU ministers have agreed to leave the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) that protects fossil fuel investments, they announced in an statement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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