{"id":49926,"date":"2024-01-30T18:27:59","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T18:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=49926"},"modified":"2024-01-30T18:27:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T18:27:59","slug":"italy-launches-ambiguous-africa-plan-fuelling-fears-over-fossil-fuels-role","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/30\/italy-launches-ambiguous-africa-plan-fuelling-fears-over-fossil-fuels-role\/","title":{"rendered":"Italy launches &#8216;ambiguous&#8217; Africa plan fuelling fears over fossil fuels role"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Italy plans to channel billions of euros from its climate fund into a development programme for Africa that observers fear could promote fossil fuels and \u201cfalse solutions\u201d to global warming.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At a summit in Rome with two dozen African and European leaders on Monday, Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni unveiled a long-awaited initiative aimed at boosting economic ties and curbing migration.<\/p>\n<p>The transformation of Italy into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.governo.it\/sites\/governo.it\/files\/Piano_Mattei_cinque_pilastri.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201can energy hub\u201d<\/a> that creates \u201ca bridge between Europe and Africa\u201d is a central plank of the \u2018Mattei Plan\u2019 &#8211; named after Enrico Mattei, founder of state oil and gas company Eni.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/29\/biden-misses-chance-to-tackle-huge-us-landfill-emissions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Biden misses chance<\/strong> to tackle \u201chuge\u201d US landfill emissions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Meloni <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tLnIkOOMCIs&amp;t=10s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> initial resources for the scheme would total 5.5 billion euros ($5.95 billion), including loans, guarantees and grants. Over half of the budget would come from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mase.gov.it\/pagina\/il-fondo-italiano-il-clima\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate fund<\/a> set up in 2022 to finance international projects in line with the Paris Agreement, she added.<\/p>\n<h3>Widespread concerns<\/h3>\n<p>Campaigners in Italy and across Africa have expressed concerns over the initiative.<\/p>\n<p>Silvia Francescon, from Italian think tank Ecco, told Climate Home that the plan presents \u201cenormous ambiguities\u201d that leave the door open to fossil fuel investment.<\/p>\n<p>A document <a href=\"https:\/\/www.governo.it\/sites\/governo.it\/files\/Piano_Mattei_cinque_pilastri.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released<\/a> by the Italian government indicated the initiative would strengthen the use of renewables and\u00a0 &#8220;accelerate the transition of electricity systems&#8221;, but did not explicitly rule out oil and gas projects.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/26\/zimbabwes-lithium-looks-to-china-to-secure-a-place-in-the-ev-battery-supply-chain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Zimbabwe looks<\/strong> to China to secure a place in the EV battery supply chain<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThere is no reference to the Paris Agreement or the Cop decisions. Based on what we currently know, there is undoubtedly a risk that funds meant for climate and international development could be used for projects managed by companies like Eni\u201d, she added. \u201cThe ambiguity is very worrying\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>Eni&#8217;s long shadow<\/h3>\n<p>Eni has extensive oil and gas operations across a dozen African countries, including Nigeria, Mozambique, Ivory Coast and the Republic of Congo.<\/p>\n<p>Its CEO Claudio Descalzi attended the launch of the Mattei Plan in the Italian Senate alongside executives of other state-controlled companies.<\/p>\n<p>At a political event organised by Meloni&#8217;s right-wing populist party last December, he <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/italy-ready-invest-africa-tackle-energy-migration-eni-chief-2023-12-16\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> Italy was &#8220;ready to invest in Africa both to get the energy needed for economic growth but also to tackle migration flows&#8221;.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/25\/cop29-host-azerbaijan-launches-green-energy-unit-to-sceptical-response\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cop29 host Azerbaijan<\/strong> launches green energy unit to sceptical response<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Concerns over Eni&#8217;s looming presence over the initiative have been widespread ever since Meloni named the plan after the company&#8217;s founder.<\/p>\n<p>Enrico Mattei led the company&#8217;s quest in the mid-20th century to capture a significant share of the fast-expanding market.<\/p>\n<p>His willingness to give oil-producing states a larger share of the profits than its American and British rivals is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/298482191_At_the_origin_of_the_energy_policy_of_ENI_in_Iran_Enrico_Mattei_and_the_negotiations_for_oil_deals_of_1957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">widely credited<\/a> as a key reason behind Eni&#8217;s success at the time. Mattei died in 1962 in a plane crash caused by a suspected sabotage.<\/p>\n<h3>Mutual benefits<\/h3>\n<p>Meloni hailed Mattei as an inspiration for her plan that, she said, would be \u201ca cooperation among equals\u201d and &#8220;non-predatory&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>But African Union Commission Chairman Moussa Faki Mahamat told the summit that African countries would have liked to have been consulted beforehand.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need to pass from words to deeds,\u201d he said, striking a cautious note. \u201cYou can understand that we cannot be happy with promises that often are not maintained.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Italian government has put energy at the centre of the partnership but details of which energy sources will be included have been very limited.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/22\/governments-fail-to-agree-timeline-for-climate-science-reports-in-fraught-ipcc-talks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Governments fail<\/strong> to agree timeline for climate science reports in fraught IPCC talks<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Italy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-04-20\/italy-snaps-up-angolan-gas-after-deals-for-north-african-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signed<\/a> several gas deals with African countries over the last two years as it sought to replace Russian supplies. But gas was the &#8220;elephant in the room&#8221; at the summit, as Kenyan president William Ruto described it in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.president.go.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/DURING-THE-ITALY-AFRICA-SUMMIT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his address.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ruto said he believed &#8220;that no African country can be asked to halt the exploration of its natural resources, including fossil fuels&#8221;. But &#8220;that does not mean that it makes economic sense to build a dependency on fossil fuels in our economies&#8221;, he added, calling gas &#8220;a temporary solution, primarily for export&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8216;False solutions&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Among a limited number of &#8220;pilot projects&#8221; referenced in Meloni&#8217;s speech is a biofuel production operation launched by Eni in Kenya in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>Supporters of biofuels see them as an important contributor to the energy transition away from fossil fuels. But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/09\/21\/sugar-rush-farmer-india-g20-biofuels-alliance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critics argue<\/a> they can do more harm than good by diverting land away from food production, destroying forests, worsening water scarcity and unleashing significant amounts of emissions across their supply chains.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/23\/amazon-nations-to-tackle-rainforest-crime-together-in-donor-funded-new-office\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Amazon nations<\/strong> to tackle rainforest crime together in donor-funded new office<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Dean Bhebhe, campaigns lead at Power Shift Africa, called Meloni&#8217;s focus &#8220;very problematic&#8221;. &#8220;Africa has an enormous amount of solar and wind &#8211; genuine renewable energy sources &#8211; and instead she chooses a false solution like biofuels&#8221;, he told Climate Home.<\/p>\n<p>Concerns have also been raised over the lack of engagement with civil society representatives that were not invited to the summit. Ahead of the event, over 50 African groups <a href=\"https:\/\/dont-gas-africa.org\/italy-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a letter<\/a> to the Italian government asking for an &#8220;end of neo-colonial approaches&#8221; and &#8220;a more consultative approach&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Currently the Mattei plan does not offer Africa a path to escape the systematic traps that prevent its development&#8221;, said Bhebhe. &#8220;We need plans that rebalance Africa&#8217;s position globally in truly innovative ways, not convenings that keep it at the bottom of the food chain&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giorgia Meloni has unveiled a long-awaited plan for African development named after Enrico Mattei, founder of oil and gas giant Eni. ","protected":false},"author":98,"featured_media":49928,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,82],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4974],"class_list":["post-49926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-eu","type-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Italy&#039;s Africa plan raises concerns about fossil fuels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Giorgia Meloni, Italy&#039;s PM, revealed its plan for Africa. 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