{"id":49831,"date":"2024-01-17T13:52:03","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=49831"},"modified":"2024-01-17T13:52:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-17T13:52:03","slug":"how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/","title":{"rendered":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>When Romain Ioualalen started a new campaigning job at Oil Change International, he was tasked with putting fossil fuels on the agenda of international climate talks.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That was in April 2020, just after the start of the pandemic. He told Climate Home recently that \u201cit seemed like a pretty distant dream\u201d at the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, he used to joke that he had \u201cfound the only international climate policy job that didn\u2019t require going to Cop because fossil fuels would never be a thing there\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But become a thing they have.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>When Cop18 was held in Gulf oil and gas producer Qatar in 2012, the IISD think tank&#8217;s 28,000-word <a href=\"https:\/\/enb.iisd.org\/doha-climate-change-conference-cop18\/summary-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summary<\/a> only mentioned fossil fuels once.<\/p>\n<p>Those two words pop up 46 times in the same <a href=\"https:\/\/enb.iisd.org\/united-arab-emirates-climate-change-conference-cop28-summary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report <\/a>produced after Cop28 where governments <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/12\/13\/no-phase-out-but-dubai-deal-puts-oil-and-gas-sector-on-notice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreed<\/a> for the first time to transition away from all fossil fuels in energy systems.<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/16482501\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 100%!; margin-top: 4px!important; text-align: right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" style=\"text-decoration: none!important;\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/16482501\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/16482501\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 105px!important; height: 16px!important; border: none!important; margin: 0!important;\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/made_with_flourish.svg\" alt=\"Made with Flourish\" \/> <\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asked why fossil fuels had gone from the fringes to the centre of negotiations, experts cited numerous reasons, which all worked together to build momentum over the years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>They referred to the falling cost of renewables, the mounting climate impacts, the interventions from authoritative mainstream voices, the tireless campaigning of the Pacific islands and civil society, and a healthy dose of good fortune.<\/p>\n<p>Fossil fuels weren&#8217;t always absent though. Right at the start of climate talks, in <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1992, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/Treaties\/1994\/03\/19940321%2004-56%20AM\/Ch_XXVII_07p.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (UNFCCC), <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mentions them. Although it does not condemn them, it implies they have got to go or, at least, be reduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does this by recognising the \u201cspecial difficulties of those countries, especially developing countries, whose economies are particularly dependent on fossil fuel production, use and exportation, as a consequence of action taken on limiting greenhouse gas emissions\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49844\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49844\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/Rio-Earth-Summit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12133056\/Rio-Earth-Summit.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12133056\/Rio-Earth-Summit-255x168.jpg 255w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12133056\/Rio-Earth-Summit-511x337.jpg 511w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12133056\/Rio-Earth-Summit-768x507.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Then Brazilian president Fernando Collor de Mello makes a toast to world leaders at the Rio Earth Summit (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/dam.media.un.org\/CS.aspx?VP3=DamView&amp;VBID=2AM94S6Q9GSR2&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1528&amp;RH=742&amp;FR_=1&amp;W=958&amp;H=898\">United Nations<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Kept outside<\/h3>\n<p>But after governments signed this landmark text, they gathered every year at a Cop for a quarter of a century without any of their agreements mentioning the need to reduce fossil fuels again.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asked why, Joanna Depledge, who studies climate talks at Cambridge University, said fossil fuels had been actively kept outside the process, predominately by the Opec cartel of oil producers &#8211; Saudi Arabia, in particular &#8211; and by the USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said Opec, the Saudis and others wanted, as they still do, to talk about emissions in general rather than particular sources of emissions like fossil fuels.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For a long time \u201cthere wasn\u2019t much questioning of that,\u201d she said, \u201cbecause the so-called comprehensive approach was seen as a good thing\u201d. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThere\u2019s also an aversion to policy prescription in the climate change regime,\u201d she added, \u201capart from the EU and the vulnerables, countries don\u2019t like an international regime telling them what to do in particular sectors\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For decades, all the negotiations were focussed on signing an agreement that would commit all countries to take action to limit global warming. After several time and hope-depleting failures, they eventually succeeded in Paris in 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49835\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49835\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49835\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/25876053520_bc61387700_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12104059\/25876053520_bc61387700_c.jpg 799w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12104059\/25876053520_bc61387700_c-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12104059\/25876053520_bc61387700_c-505x337.jpg 505w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12104059\/25876053520_bc61387700_c-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49835\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diplomats celebrate as the Paris Agreement is agreed in 2015 (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/unfccc\/25876053520\/in\/album-72157659731531839\/\">UNFCCC<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Having agreed on the headline goal, they could discuss how to go about meeting it. That\u2019s when one particular fossil fuel rose up the agenda &#8211; the <a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/safest-sources-of-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most polluting one<\/a>, coal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depledge says that it was Poland that unwittingly put coal in the crosshairs. The country is Europe&#8217;s biggest defender of coal and hosted the talks in 2008, 2013 and 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, Cop24 was held in the heart of Poland&#8217;s coal country in Katowice, where delegates choked on polluted air and gazed at adverts from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20181127-poland-names-coal-companies-partners-cop24-climate-talks\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cop\u2019s partners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the coal industry.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next year, the UK was announced as host of Cop26. Its coal record couldn\u2019t be more different to Poland&#8217;s. Between 1990 and 2019, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/countries\/united-kingdom\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it reduced<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> its coal use for electricity by 96% &#8211; replacing it mainly with gas and later wind.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its government was keen to export this strategy to other countries, co-founding the Powering Past Coal Alliance in 2017. <\/span>The work of launching this alliance &#8220;built momentum around having coal as the main outcome of Cop26&#8221;, said Center for Climate and Energy Solutions vice-president Kaveh Guilanpour.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49836\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49836\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49836\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/GP0STSSZW_Low_res.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105007\/GP0STSSZW_Low_res.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105007\/GP0STSSZW_Low_res-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105007\/GP0STSSZW_Low_res-506x337.jpg 506w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105007\/GP0STSSZW_Low_res-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49836\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A protester covers her mouth as she marches through Katowice during Cop24 (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/media.greenpeace.org\/CS.aspx?VP3=DamView&amp;VBID=27MZV8DGOS3X9&amp;PN=2&amp;WS=SearchResults&amp;RW=1920&amp;RH=945&amp;RW=1920&amp;RH=945#\/DamView&amp;VBID=27MZV8DGOS3X9&amp;PN=1&amp;WS=SearchResults\">Greenpeace<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then UK prime minister Boris Johnson confirmed this focus, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/daily-brief\/pm-urges-action-on-coal-cars-cash-and-trees-ahead-of-cop26-climate-summit\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saying<\/a> Cop26 should be about \u201ccoal, car, cash and trees\u201d and Cop president Alok Sharma <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2021\/05\/14\/uk-calls-countries-consign-coal-history-cop26\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">said<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the summit should \u201cconsign coal to history\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was not just the UK with coal in the crosshairs though. The head of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres had been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/en\/content\/sg\/statement\/2019-09-23\/secretary-generals-remarks-closing-of-climate-action-summit-delivered\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calling<\/a> for an end to new coal power plants since 2019 and in August 2021 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/en\/content\/secretary-generals-statement-the-ipcc-working-group-1-report-the-physical-science-basis-of-the-sixth-assessment#:~:text=We%20need%20immediate%20action%20on,coal%20plants%20built%20after%202021.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> the latest IPCC scientific report must \u201cmust sound a death knell for coal and fossil fuels, before they destroy our planet.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The same year, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2021\/09\/21\/president-xi-declares-end-chinese-support-new-coal-power-abroad\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2021\/05\/21\/g7-commits-end-unabated-coal-finance-2021-keep-1-5c-within-reach\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Japan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20210422-south-korea-ends-aid-for-coal-plants-overseas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">South Korea<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> all said they would stop financing new foreign coal-fired power plants &#8211; a decision most Western nations and multilateral development banks had already taken.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With this momentum, the UK was able to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2021\/11\/13\/huddles-tears-glasgow-countries-strike-uncomfortable-climate-deal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convince governments<\/a> to agree to \u201cphase down\u201d coal &#8211; the first-ever mention of a fossil fuel in a Cop agreement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not every country agreed to this enthusiastically though. Between them, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energyinst.org\/statistical-review\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China and India use two-thirds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the world\u2019s coal and they teamed up to water down the language at the last minute from \u201cphase out\u201d to \u201cphase down\u201d, sparking tears from Sharma.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49837\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49837\" class=\"wp-image-49837 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/51677993785_b609901fab_c-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105657\/51677993785_b609901fab_c-2.jpg 799w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105657\/51677993785_b609901fab_c-2-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105657\/51677993785_b609901fab_c-2-505x337.jpg 505w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12105657\/51677993785_b609901fab_c-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">India&#8217;s environment minister Bhupender Yadav speaks to Sharma at Cop26 (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/unfccc\/51677993785\/in\/album-72157720135163018\/\">Kiara Worth\/UNFCCC<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The next year, Cop delegates gathered in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. For the first week, the Cop looked set to be about one issue only. Not fossil fuels but rich countries paying for the loss and damage poorer ones are suffering from as a result of climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That changed at the end of the first week of negotiations when Bloomberg <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-11-12\/india-wants-phase-down-to-apply-to-all-fossil-fuels-at-cop27?leadSource=uverify%20wall\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reported<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that India had called on the Cop president to target all fossil fuels in the Cop27 agreement. Depledge said India was angered that the fossil fuel the country relies on &#8211; coal- was being singled out while the oil and gas that rich nations favour went unchallenged.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By that point, oil and gas had already started to feel some of the heat that coal was under.\u00a0 Guterres&#8217; rhetoric was broadening to all fossil fuels and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denmark and Costa Rica had <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2021\/11\/11\/space-opening-discuss-oil-gas-exit-cop26-lobbyists-pushing-back\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founded<\/a> at Cop26 a coalition of countries pledging to stop pumping oil and gas. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ioualalen, who was involved in the initiative, said that was a &#8220;big, big thing&#8221; as it &#8220;put the notion that you could actually take measures to constrain the development of fossil fuel production on the map&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So when India made their intervention in Egypt, they were pushing at a more open door. <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A significant minority of countries &#8211; including the European Union, small islands, Chile and Colombia &#8211; seized on the proposal.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49838\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49838\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49838\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/52510460129_cc165ac6f8_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110132\/52510460129_cc165ac6f8_c.jpg 799w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110132\/52510460129_cc165ac6f8_c-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110132\/52510460129_cc165ac6f8_c-505x337.jpg 505w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110132\/52510460129_cc165ac6f8_c-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ministers from the &#8220;high ambition coalition&#8221; hold a press conference at Cop27 (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/unfccc\/52510460129\/in\/album-72177720303819089\/\">Kiara Worth\/UNFCCC<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> But oil and gas-reliant states like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Russia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/11\/24\/late-night-fossil-fuel-fight-leaves-bitter-taste-after-cop27\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voiced their opposition<\/a>. The Egyptian presidency left it out and, at 4am on the day many negotiators were flying home, governments from the &#8220;high-ambition coalition&#8221; accepted defeat<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After it was agreed, these ministers showed their displeasure. Tuvalu called it a &#8220;missed opportunity&#8221;, Chile said they were &#8220;very disappointed&#8221; and the EU said it was &#8220;not enough on [emissions reduction]&#8221;. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They had lost the battle but sounded determined to win the war and t<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he decision to make Sultan Al-Jaber, the CEO of oil and gas firm Adnoc, the next Cop president only ramped up the focus on fossil fuels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Cop28 presidency, as being a petro state, was initially a major concern&#8221;, recalled Harjeet Singh, Climate Action Network&#8217;s head of global political strategy. &#8220;However, it ironically served as a unique opportunity to exert significant pressure, leading to substantial discussions on curtailing all three fossil fuels.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Singh said &#8220;this momentum transformed what was once a fleeting mention of fossil fuels at Cop26 in 2021 into a robust debate within the UN climate change dialogues&#8221; and allowed campaigners to highlight the &#8220;hypocrisy of rich nations targeting coal use in the developing world while simultaneously expanding oil and gas production&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Al Jaber himself responded to criticism by saying that a fossil phase out was both \u201cessential\u201d and \u201cinevitable\u201d despite his company&#8217;s plans to increase production. Guilanpour said that the UAE&#8217;s status as an oil and gas producer and ally of Saudi Arabia gave them &#8220;credibility&#8221; with potential opponents of the fossil fuel phase out.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_49840\" style=\"width: 809px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49840\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/53394227357_0ffee917e6_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110729\/53394227357_0ffee917e6_c.jpg 799w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110729\/53394227357_0ffee917e6_c-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110729\/53394227357_0ffee917e6_c-505x337.jpg 505w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12110729\/53394227357_0ffee917e6_c-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 799px) 100vw, 799px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-49840\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sultan Al Jaber and Simon Stiell celebrate as the Cop28 agreement is passed (Photos: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/unfccc\/53394227357\/in\/photostream\/\">Cop28\/Mahmoud Khaled<\/a>)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>By the time India hosted t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he G20 summit in Delhi last September, fossil fuels were at the very top of the climate agenda. India tried but failed to get 20 of the world\u2019s biggest economies to agree to phase out fossil fuels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The battleground was set for Cop28, where fossil fuels came to dominate the talks after the loss and damage fund had been agreed on the first day. But <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Saudis and others wouldn&#8217;t agree to &#8220;phase out&#8221; or &#8220;phase down&#8221;, preferring the eventual compromise of \u201ctransitioning away from fossil fuels\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After Cop28, Saudi Arabia\u2019s energy minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/10\/a-la-carte-menu-saudi-minister-claims-cop28-fossil-fuel-agreement-is-only-optional\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">downplayed<\/a> the significance of this agreement, calling it just an \u201coption\u201d on an \u201ca la carte menu\u201d and stressing the difference from \u201cphase out\u201d &#8211; an interpretation that E3G analyst Tom Evans called &#8220;incredibly misleading\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the Saudi dismissal, the head of the UNFCCC Simon Stiell <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/news\/cop28-agreement-signals-beginning-of-the-end-of-the-fossil-fuel-era\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called<\/a> it the \u201cbeginning of the end\u201d for the fossil fuel era. <\/span>Guilanpour celebrated the decision too, saying that if that had been offered at the start of the year, &#8220;most people would have bitten your hand off&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With that now agreed, fossil fuels are likely to take a back seat in the negotiations. Depledge predicted they would \u201cmove away from words and on to hard cash and the dollars\u201d, with a new post-2025 climate finance target set to be agreed at Cop29.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Outside of negotiations<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, governments&#8217; plans to keep producing fossil fuels are likely to come under ever more scrutiny in the media and public discourse,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That became clear just hours after the Cop28 agreement was signed. In the room next door, Brazilian environment minister <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/joeloyo\/status\/1734878151539404813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marina Silva<\/a> and then German foreign minister <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/joeloyo\/status\/1734894111591735680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Annalena Baerbock<\/a> held back-to-back press conferences at which they were both grilled on how their governments&#8217; production plans fit with the deal they\u2019d just agreed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-pA3fh\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" title=\"Who is upping fossil fuel production?\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/pA3fh\/1\/\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" data-external=\"1\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var t in a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][t]+\"px\";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}();<\/script><br \/>\nIoualalen said that how climate leadership is judged has now changed. \"You cannot just say that you are going to be a climate leader, that you're going to reach net zero, if you're going to continue increasing your oil and gas production - that's become very clear,\" he said.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And when governments release their next round of climate plans in 2025, the role of fossil fuels will be closely watched. That year's Cop presidency will be Brazil - whose competing desires to pump more oil and gas and to save the Amazon rainforest and planet are sure to be noted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While investment into the supply of fossil fuels is <a href=\"https:\/\/productiongap.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still rising<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/11\/22\/in-numbers-the-state-of-the-climate-ahead-of-cop28\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IEA predicts<\/a> that demand will soon peak. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether supply is restrained and whether demand plateaus or falls sharply are two of the key climate questions of the decade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate Home asked Ioualalen whether all the years of work getting fossil fuels on the agenda will help with that. <\/span>\"It's too early to say\", he replied. \"I'm seeing a lot of debate on the outcomes [of Cop28] on whether it's historic or an absolute catastrophe or greenwash etcetera - the reality is that it's probably a bit of both\".<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements &#8211; so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":49841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1483],"tags":[],"coauthors":[4545],"class_list":["post-49831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-un-climate-talks","type-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate Home News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimateHomeNews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Joe Lo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ClimateHome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ClimateHome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Joe Lo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Joe Lo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0728ee568424ff7aec7eae8cb9a27c3f\"},\"headline\":\"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\"},\"wordCount\":2013,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"UN climate talks\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\",\"name\":\"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00\",\"description\":\"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg\",\"width\":799,\"height\":533,\"caption\":\"A protester at Cop28 (Photos: Kiara Worth\/UNFCCC)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/\",\"name\":\"Climate Home News\",\"description\":\"Climate change news, analysis, commentary, video and podcasts focused on developments in global climate politics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Climate Home News\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/03155729\/Climate-Home-News-Logo-RGB-Colour.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/03155729\/Climate-Home-News-Logo-RGB-Colour.png\",\"width\":2856,\"height\":862,\"caption\":\"Climate Home News\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimateHomeNews\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ClimateHome\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/climate-home-news\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/climatestudio\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0728ee568424ff7aec7eae8cb9a27c3f\",\"name\":\"Joe Lo\",\"description\":\"Joe Lo is a reporter for Climate Home News. He has previously specialised in container shipping, UK politics and investigative stories about Scotland. His work has appeared in the Guardian, Al Jazeera and Deutsche Welle.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/author\/joseph-lo\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks","description":"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks","og_description":"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?","og_url":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/","og_site_name":"Climate Home News","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimateHomeNews\/","article_published_time":"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00","og_image":[{"width":799,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Joe Lo","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ClimateHome","twitter_site":"@ClimateHome","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Joe Lo","Estimated reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/"},"author":{"name":"Joe Lo","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0728ee568424ff7aec7eae8cb9a27c3f"},"headline":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks","datePublished":"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/"},"wordCount":2013,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg","articleSection":["UN climate talks"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/","url":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/","name":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg","datePublished":"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-17T13:52:03+00:00","description":"For a quarter-century, fossil fuels were absent from Cop climate agreements - so how had they become so ubiquitous at Cop28?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/12111923\/53394827185_3af447b76d_c.jpg","width":799,"height":533,"caption":"A protester at Cop28 (Photos: Kiara Worth\/UNFCCC)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2024\/01\/17\/how-fossil-fuels-went-from-sidelines-to-headlines-in-climate-talks\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How fossil fuels went from sidelines to headlines in climate talks"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/","name":"Climate Home News","description":"Climate change news, analysis, commentary, video and podcasts focused on developments in global climate politics","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#organization","name":"Climate Home News","url":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/03155729\/Climate-Home-News-Logo-RGB-Colour.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2024\/01\/03155729\/Climate-Home-News-Logo-RGB-Colour.png","width":2856,"height":862,"caption":"Climate Home News"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimateHomeNews\/","https:\/\/x.com\/ClimateHome","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/climate-home-news","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/climatestudio"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0728ee568424ff7aec7eae8cb9a27c3f","name":"Joe Lo","description":"Joe Lo is a reporter for Climate Home News. He has previously specialised in container shipping, UK politics and investigative stories about Scotland. His work has appeared in the Guardian, Al Jazeera and Deutsche Welle.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/author\/joseph-lo\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49831"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/56"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49831"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49845,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49831\/revisions\/49845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49831"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=49831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}