{"id":48899,"date":"2023-07-17T10:45:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=48899"},"modified":"2023-07-17T10:45:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:45:52","slug":"eu-mercosur-brazil-indigenous-apib","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/07\/17\/eu-mercosur-brazil-indigenous-apib\/","title":{"rendered":"The EU-Mercosur trade deal will harm Brazil&#8217;s indigenous communities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The world watched in despair at the environmental damage President Jair Bolsonaro\u2019s government wrought during his four years as presdident of Brazil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Its crimes attracted global attention: from<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/07\/28\/world\/americas\/brazil-deforestation-amazon-bolsonaro.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"1\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/07\/28\/world\/americas\/brazil-deforestation-amazon-bolsonaro.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"2\">dismantling<\/a>\u00a0policies to protect the natural world, to the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/daily\/16717-report-attacks-against-indigenous-triples-under-jair-bolsonaro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"3\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/daily\/16717-report-attacks-against-indigenous-triples-under-jair-bolsonaro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"4\">spiralling<\/a>\u00a0number of attacks on Indigenous People and incursions on their land, to deforestation reaching its<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/mar\/10\/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"5\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2023\/mar\/10\/brazil-record-deforestation-amazon-rainforest-lula-bolsonaro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"6\">highest<\/a>\u00a0levels for years.<\/p>\n<p>For the European Union (EU), Brazil\u2019s second largest trading partner and a large importer of the soy and beef driving deforestation in the country, alarm over these issues led to the suspension of a mammoth trade agreement, which had been 20 years in the making.<\/p>\n<p>The free trade deal between the EU and Brazil and other<a href=\"https:\/\/www.as-coa.org\/articles\/explainer-what-mercosur#:~:text=Mercosur%20is%20made%20up%20of,and%20Suriname%20as%20associate%20members.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"7\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.as-coa.org\/articles\/explainer-what-mercosur#:~:text=Mercosur%20is%20made%20up%20of,and%20Suriname%20as%20associate%20members.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"8\">Mercosur<\/a>\u00a0nations was approved in 2019 but was never<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clientearth.org\/latest\/latest-updates\/news\/what-s-going-on-with-the-eu-mercosur-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"9\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clientearth.org\/latest\/latest-updates\/news\/what-s-going-on-with-the-eu-mercosur-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"10\">ratified<\/a>\u00a0because of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fern.org\/publications-insight\/measuring-the-impact-of-the-eu-mercosur-trade-deal-on-land-use-forests-and-the-people-who-depend-on-them-2266\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"11\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fern.org\/publications-insight\/measuring-the-impact-of-the-eu-mercosur-trade-deal-on-land-use-forests-and-the-people-who-depend-on-them-2266\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"12\">fears<\/a>\u00a0that it might intensify environmental and human rights abuses in Brazil.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/07\/14\/loss-and-damage-john-kerry-climate-reparations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Kerry rejects<\/strong> \u201cclimate reparations\u201d but praises loss and damage fund<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Now, with Bolsonaro ejected from office by the electorate, and his successor, Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, making efforts to end deforestation and protect land rights, finalising the EU Mercosur agreement is a priority once again. It will be high on the agenda in the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2023\/06\/07\/media-advisory-accreditation-for-the-eu-celac-summit-17-and-18-july-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"13\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2023\/06\/07\/media-advisory-accreditation-for-the-eu-celac-summit-17-and-18-july-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"14\">summit<\/a>\u00a0taking place\u00a0this week\u00a0in Brussels between EU and Latin American heads of state.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ongoing threats<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yet despite the change of government in Brazil, the assault on Indigenous People\u2019s land rights continues.<\/p>\n<p>The reason is simple: Bolsonaro was defeated at the polls, but\u00a0<i>Bolsonarism\u00a0<\/i>survives as a political force.<\/p>\n<p>Brazil remains deeply polarised, with the mighty agribusiness sector (responsible for<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cepea.esalq.usp.br\/br\/pib-do-agronegocio-brasileiro.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"15\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cepea.esalq.usp.br\/br\/pib-do-agronegocio-brasileiro.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"16\">a quarter<\/a>\u00a0of Brazil\u2019s GDP in 2022) on one side of the divide, helping orchestrate the relentless attacks against Indigenous Peoples\u2019 rights.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/07\/13\/cop28-presidency-brutally-honest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>UAE\u2019s Cop28 president<\/strong> plans \u201cbrutally honest\u201d climate summit<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>While Lula has<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2023\/06\/06\/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"17\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2023\/06\/06\/brazils-lula-lays-out-plan-to-halt-amazon-deforestation-00100342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"18\">shown<\/a>\u00a0a serious<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/environment\/article\/2023\/02\/05\/lula-takes-action-to-end-gold-mining-in-the-indigenous-yanomami-territory_6014466_114.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"19\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/environment\/article\/2023\/02\/05\/lula-takes-action-to-end-gold-mining-in-the-indigenous-yanomami-territory_6014466_114.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"20\">intent<\/a>\u00a0to protect land rights and forests, he is being thwarted by his political opponents in Brazil\u2019s National Congress, where he lacks a majority.<\/p>\n<p>Agribusiness is helping drive<a href=\"https:\/\/apiboficial.org\/marco-temporal\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"21\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apiboficial.org\/marco-temporal\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"22\">proposals<\/a>\u00a0for laws which would enable mining to take place on protected Indigenous lands, and for Brazil to withdraw from the International Labour Organisation&#8217;s convention recognising Indigenous People&#8217;s right to free, prior and informed consent. Meanwhile the powers of the Minister for Indigenous Affairs powers have been eroded by Congress.<\/p>\n<p>Last month, Brazil\u2019s lower house voted overwhelmingly in favour of a bill that among other setbacks proposes the legal establishment of the\u00a0<i>Marco Temporal thesis<\/i>, which only recognises Indigenous People\u2019s right to territory they were occupying on October 5, 1988 \u2013 when\u00a0the current Brazilian constitution came into force.<\/p>\n<p><i>Marco Temporal<\/i> poses a huge threat to Indigenous territories. The indigenous organisation APIB has estimated that<a href=\"https:\/\/apiboficial.org\/marco-temporal\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-linkindex=\"23\">\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/apiboficial.org\/marco-temporal\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\" data-loopstyle=\"linkonly\" data-linkindex=\"24\">almost<\/a><u>\u00a01,400<\/u>\u00a0Indigenous lands are endangered by this proposal, which will open the door to farming and mining interests, and the inevitable environmental and social chaos that will follow in their wake \u2013 all in the name of commerce.<\/p>\n<p><b>Fuel to the flames<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A knock-on effect of these multiple legislative efforts to weaken Indigenous land rights is that it creates legal uncertainty in international trade, specifically putting companies at risk of importing goods produced on land whose ownership is disputed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/07\/13\/net-zero-hleg-corporate-claims-greenwash\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>With corporate<\/strong> climate cheats on the chopping block, net zero is growing up<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In this context, proceeding with the EU-Mercosur free trade agreement would add fuel to the flames: increasing the trade of agricultural commodities will only magnify the pressure on Indigenous lands.<\/p>\n<p>As it stands, the EU-Mercosur agreement contains no measures to protect Indigenous Peoples. Before moving ahead with the deal, this must be rectified.<\/p>\n<p>The agreement must explicitly provide Indigenous Peoples with the right to free, prior and informed consent about any trade or investment that may affect them. It should also champion traceability, so that all companies would have to know the origin of the goods they import. Finally, it should include sanctions for companies sourcing from Indigenous lands and committing environmental crimes.<\/p>\n<p>In the aftermath of Lula\u2019s election, news of the enduring threat to the Amazon and Brazil\u2019s other biomes has largely slipped beneath the radar in the EU.<\/p>\n<p>But it could be disastrous if EU lawmakers ignore it, as they push to revive the EU-Mercosur trade agreement without the right measures in place.<\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"marko9xta8smc\" data-markjs=\"true\" data-ogac=\"\" data-ogab=\"\" data-ogsc=\"\" data-ogsb=\"\">Dinamam<\/span> Tux\u00e1 is\u00a0executive coordinator of Articula\u00e7\u00e3o dos Povos Ind\u00edgenas do Brasil (APIB), Brazil\u2019s largest Indigenous Peoples\u2019 representative body, representing more than 300 Brazilian Indigenous ethnic groups.<\/em><\/p>\n<div><em>Pierre-Jean Sol Brasier is EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement Campaigner at forests and rights NGO, Fern.<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Far-right president Jair Bolsonaro is gone but agribusiness and congress are still a threat to Brazil&#8217;s indigenous communities","protected":false},"author":135,"featured_media":48900,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2456],"tags":[230],"coauthors":[5038,5039],"class_list":["post-48899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-south-america","tag-brazil","type-comment"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The EU-Mercosur trade deal will harm Brazil&#039;s indigenous communities<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Far-right president Jair Bolsonaro is gone but agribusiness and congress are still a threat to Brazil&#039;s 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