{"id":48559,"date":"2023-06-26T14:48:28","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T13:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=48559"},"modified":"2023-06-26T14:48:32","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T13:48:32","slug":"what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/","title":{"rendered":"What does &#8220;unabated&#8221; fossil fuels mean?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>One word dominates much of current climate discussions and will most likely take centre stage at the Cop28 summit: unabated.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/04\/17\/japan-us-and-eu-block-g7-from-setting-coal-phase-out-date\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G7 statements<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/23\/governments-battle-over-carbon-removal-and-renewables-in-ipcc-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IPCC reports<\/a>, mentions of the need to phase out the use of fossil fuels frequently come accompanied by this qualifier.<\/p>\n<p>But what does it actually mean? The answer is not straightforward and agreeing on a shared understanding will be one of the defining battles of future climate commitments.<\/p>\n<p>Katrine Petersen, a senior policy advisor at E3G, says there is currently no international definition of what constitutes carbon dioxide (CO2) abatement.<\/p>\n<h3>Commitments without clarity<\/h3>\n<p>Naturally, unabated is the opposite of abated, which means reducing the intensity of something.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to the use of coal, oil and gas for power generation, this refers to the attempts to bring the release of polluting substances down to an acceptable level.<\/p>\n<p>What this level is and how to get there is hotly debated.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/04\/27\/what-is-the-global-stocktake-of-climate-action-and-why-does-it-matter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>What is the global stocktake<\/strong> of climate action and why does it matter?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Despite the current lack of clarity, the word \u2018unabated\u2019 features prominently in climate commitments.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/ukcop26.org\/statement-on-international-public-support-for-the-clean-energy-transition\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">call<\/a> to speed up efforts towards the phasedown of unabated coal power was the big breakthrough at Cop26. Now that the attention has shifted also to oil and gas, the emphasis on \u2018unabated\u2019 remains the common denominator.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/05\/18\/g7-leaders-must-fulfil-their-promise-to-stop-funding-fossil-fuels\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Comment:<\/strong> G7 leaders must fulfil their promise to stop funding fossil fuels<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>At April&#8217;s G7 summit leaders <a href=\"https:\/\/www.meti.go.jp\/press\/2023\/04\/20230417004\/20230417004-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mentioned<\/a> the word seven times in their final statement. Most prominently in a commitment to accelerate the phase-out of unabated fossil fuels with the goal to achieve net zero in the power sector by 2050.<\/p>\n<p>But nowhere do these governments provide a clear explanation of what they mean.<\/p>\n<h3>IPCC definition<\/h3>\n<p>The closest we can get to an universally-accepted definition comes in a footnote to the IPCC synthesis report. Written by scientists and approved by governments, the document summarises the latest scientific knowledge on climate change.<\/p>\n<p>The report <a href=\"https:\/\/report.ipcc.ch\/ar6syr\/pdf\/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says<\/a> the abatement of fossil fuel production and use comes through interventions that substantially reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted throughout their life cycle. As an example &#8211; it says in a footnote &#8211; this could involve capturing 90% or more carbon dioxide from power plants.<\/p>\n<p>Here, the IPCC refers to the technology most people associate with the concept of abatement: carbon capture and storage (CCS). The process aims to trap CO2 emissions generated by a power plant at source and store them deep underground.<\/p>\n<h3>Carbon capture divisions<\/h3>\n<p>CCS is at the centre of an increasingly deeply-divided debate.<\/p>\n<p>Oil and gas-producing countries and the industry argue that the technology will be necessary to extract climate-damaging gases while the world keeps burning fossil fuels.<\/p>\n<p>The head of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Fatih Birol <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/news\/the-world-needs-to-build-on-the-growing-momentum-behind-carbon-capture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thinks<\/a> CCS is \u201ccritical for ensuring our transitions to clean energy are secure and sustainable\u201d.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/05\/18\/uae-appoints-fossil-fuels-execs-and-climate-campaigners-as-cop28-advisers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>UAE appoints<\/strong> fossil fuels execs and climate campaigners as Cop28 advisers<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Another big proponent of the technology is UAE\u2019s Cop28 boss Sultan Al-Jaber. He has called for a phase-out of \u201cfossil fuel emissions\u201d, saying that oil and gas will continue to play a role in the foreseeable future.<\/p>\n<p>His words have angered many climate politics watchers. Former United Nations climate chief Christiana Figueres recently argued CCS is not the solution. \u201cWe do not have carbon capture commercially available and viable over the next five to seven years,\u201d she <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/may\/16\/cop28-host-uae-climate-united-arab-emirates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said on her podcast recently<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>&#8216;Gigantic loophole&#8217;<\/h3>\n<p>Campaigners claim CCS has already failed and describe it as the \u201cfirst line of defense\u201d for a fossil fuel economy that does not want to change.<\/p>\n<p>Lili Fuhr, from the Center for International Environmental Law, told Climate Home its association with CCS means the inclusion of unabated in pledges is a \u201cgigantic loophole\u201d for the fossil fuel industry.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48563\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/kemper_county_coal_gasification_plant\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-48563\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48563\" class=\"wp-image-48563 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18155803\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant.png 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18155803\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18155803\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant-600x337.png 600w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18155803\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant-112x63.png 112w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18155803\/Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-48563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kemper coal power plant failed to deliver on its promise to use CCS to capture emissions. Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kemper_County_Coal_Gasification_Plant.png\">XTUV0010<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>She also argued capture rates of existing plants are much lowers than what the industry advertises.<\/p>\n<p>The IEA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says<\/a> power plants with CCS in operation are designed to capture around 90% of emissions. This rate would be in line with the definition used by the IPCC.<\/p>\n<p>But <a href=\"https:\/\/ieefa.org\/resources\/carbon-capture-crux-lessons-learned\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an analysis<\/a> by a think tank of 13 flagship CCS projects worldwide found they have either underperformed or failed entirely.<\/p>\n<h3>Need for high standards<\/h3>\n<p>E3G\u2019s Petersen thinks policymakers and regulators have a vital role in defining and implementing appropriate abatement standards, including CCS capture rates.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/05\/16\/us-backs-indonesian-oil-refinery-despite-pledge-to-end-fossil-fuel-finance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>US backs<\/strong> Indonesian oil refinery despite pledge to end fossil fuel finance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s important that high standards for these emissions reduction requirements are set,\u201d says Petersen. \u201cFossil fuel power plant operators would then either have to meet this standard or shut down the plant.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Some countries, however, are heading in the opposite direction and pushing for a wider interpretation of abatement as possible.<\/p>\n<h3>Watering down<\/h3>\n<p>Japan, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/g7-ministers-offer-cautious-backing-japans-climate-strategy-draft-2023-04-14\/#:~:text=Japan%20is%20testing%20co%2Dfiring,G7%20countries%20for%20the%20plan.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has used<\/a> its G7 presidency to promote its controversial strategy to cut emissions from coal power plants by co-firing ammonia.<\/p>\n<p>Analysts <a href=\"https:\/\/beyond-coal.jp\/en\/documents\/report\/e3g-ammonia-cofiring-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say<\/a> this is costly and won\u2019t make a significant dent in CO2 emissions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJapan is claiming that any reduction of emissions counts as abatement,\u201d says Petersen. \u201cThat is a ludicrously low level of emissions reduction and should not be considered adequate abatement for a fossil fuel power plant.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The word &#8220;unabated&#8221; qualifies commitments to phase out fossil fuels. But setting a clear definition is the subject of fierce debates. ","protected":false},"author":98,"featured_media":48562,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3858,598],"tags":[4973,5005],"coauthors":[4974],"class_list":["post-48559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-policy","category-fossil-fuels","tag-cop28","tag-phaseout","type-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What does &quot;unabated&quot; fossil fuels mean?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What &quot;unabated&quot; fossil fuels means is a matter of debate in climate policy circles.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What does &quot;unabated&quot; fossil fuels mean?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What &quot;unabated&quot; fossil fuels means is a matter of debate in climate policy circles.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Climate Home News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ClimateHomeNews\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-26T13:48:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-26T13:48:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/05\/18154700\/gorgon-plant-site-01-D.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matteo Civillini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ClimateHome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ClimateHome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matteo Civillini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/06\/26\/what-does-unabated-fossil-fuels-mean\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matteo Civillini\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3328fab46105a5bcd4dce75566a63c3b\"},\"headline\":\"What does &#8220;unabated&#8221; 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