{"id":48334,"date":"2023-04-03T17:49:24","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T16:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/?p=48334"},"modified":"2023-05-29T16:13:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T15:13:50","slug":"skills-shortage-threatens-south-africa-8-5-billion-clean-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/04\/03\/skills-shortage-threatens-south-africa-8-5-billion-clean-energy-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"Uncertainty on renewable retraining frightens South Africa&#8217;s coal communities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>This story is the first of Climate Home News\u2019 and Oxpeckers Investigative Environmental Journalism series on South Africa&#8217;s clean energy transition, supported by the <a href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pulitzer Center<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nelly Sigudla, a qualified fire watcher and part-time control room operator at Duvha power station in Mpumalanga, South Africa\u2019s energy capital, worries for her future, when her main source of income gets unplugged.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The mother of four children lives in Benicon Park, an informal settlement next to the coal-fired power station, which is scheduled to be decommissioned by Eskom &#8211; South Africa&#8217;s public electricity company &#8211; between 2031 and 2034.<\/p>\n<p>Like many employees in the coal-mining industry, Sigudla fears her qualifications won\u2019t be enough in the near future, when renewables take over coal as South Africa\u2019s primary source of new energy, risking becoming unemployable.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/28\/revealed-how-shell-cashed-in-on-dubious-carbon-offsets-from-chinese-rice-paddies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Revealed: How Shell<\/strong> cashed in on dubious carbon offsets from Chinese rice paddies<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The country, which depends on coal for about 85% of its electricity, is home to one of the largest energy experiments in the world: an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/10\/20\/south-africa-approves-8-5bn-energy-transition-investment-plan\/\">$8.5-billion deal<\/a> with a group of rich nations &#8211; including the United States, United Kingdom and the European Union &#8211; to transition towards renewable energy.<\/p>\n<p>For solar panels and wind turbines to operate, South Africa will have to redirect coal workers towards new jobs in the renewable energy sector, such as construction, electrical engineering and information technology.<\/p>\n<p>But an investigation by Oxpeckers Investigative Environmental Journalism and Climate Home News found a major skills gap in coal-reliant communities and a lack of clarity on how funds for reskilling will be implemented.<\/p>\n<p>Sigudla said the transition to green energy sources in Mpumalanga is difficult to welcome. From a community perspective it could bring even more poverty. The region has a soaring unemployment rate of 38%, and more than 100,000 jobs depend on coal.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen the renewable sector kicks in, what fire am I going to watch?\u201d Sigudha asks.\u00a0\u201cNo one has come to the communities to tell us about new skills programmes that we can follow to acquire skills that will be needed in future.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13294368\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Reskilling programmes<\/h3>\n<p>The<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thepresidency.gov.za\/content\/south-africa's-just-energy-transition-investment-plan-jet-ip-2023-2027\">\u00a0Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP)<\/a>, a document that is guiding South Africa\u2019s move to renewables, includes an investment of nearly R2.7-billion ($151 million) for reskilling programmes across the country.<\/p>\n<p>In Mpumalanga, R750-million <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">($42 million)<\/span> is allocated to \u201cinvesting in youth\u201d \u2013 including education, training, work experience and placements \u2013 and R5.6-billion <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">($310 million)<\/span> to \u201ccaring for coal workers\u201d, which includes re-skilling, redeployment, placement and temporary income support.<\/p>\n<p>Funds would not only come from the JET partnership, but also from government budgets, venture capital and multilateral banks.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-48336\" src=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/Mpumalanga-map-min-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-112x63.jpg 112w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-1536x859.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162238\/Mpumalanga-map-min-2048x1146.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>According to the JET-IP, the government plans to set up a national skills hub to advise on reskilling needs, and R1,6-billion<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0($89 million) <\/span>will be allocated to creating pilot training centres known as \u201cskills development zones\u201d in Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape and Northern Cape provinces.<\/p>\n<p>These pilot zones will be run by technical colleges and support the development of new skills and courses, aiming to \u201c enhance the employability of graduates\u201d, says the JET-IP.<\/p>\n<p>One of the options to set up facilities for the training centres is to use old decommissioned coal plants. This was one of the options for the Komati power station, the first one to shut down, in October 2022, according to a recently published report by environmental justice organisation GroundWork.<\/p>\n<p>But details about how these training centres would actually become operational are scarce.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-wX0SN\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" title=\"South Africa's energy transition deal breakdown in billion dollars\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/wX0SN\/1\/\" height=\"419\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" aria-label=\"Split Bars\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var a in e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][a]+\"px\"}}}))}();<\/script><\/p>\n<h3>Development zones<\/h3>\n<p>Blessing Manale, spokesperson for the Presidential Climate Commission (PCC), an independent multi-stakeholder body established by President Cyril Ramaphosa to oversee the country\u2019s transition, was unable to indicate when the skills development zones will start operations.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, he acknowledged that skills development is severely under-prioritised, adding \u201call stakeholder groups have raised this as a fundamental weakness in the JET-IP\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the PCC\u2019s view, much work needs to be done, both to quantify the needs for skills development, and to upskill the workforce and new entrants \u2013 in particular youth and young women,\u201d Manale said.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/30\/carbon-credit-industry-resists-vulnerable-nations-call-to-fund-adaptation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Carbon credit industry<\/strong> resists vulnerable nations\u2019 call to fund adaptation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manale added the transformation of technical and vocational colleges, typically aimed at adults looking for new <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technical<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> skills, is \u201cfundamental\u201d. The PCC is rolling out a new programme on skills for the energy transition along with the departments of education and energy, he said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But there needs to be more clarity on the skills needed for the decommissioning of coal-fired plants, he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis gives rise to questions around who will actually provide the training required for upskilling workers in the coal value chain, design curricula for educational institutions where skills development will take place, and how this can be funded,\u201d Manale told Oxpeckers.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_48340\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48340\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48340\" src=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/Nelly-Sigudla-2.jpg\" alt=\"Nelly Sigudha, a worker in the coal sector, stands in an informal settlement by the Duvha power station.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163151\/Nelly-Sigudla-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163151\/Nelly-Sigudla-2-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163151\/Nelly-Sigudla-2-506x337.jpg 506w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163151\/Nelly-Sigudla-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48340\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">For workers in the coal industry such as Nelly Sigudla (above), the transition to green energy sources in Mpumalanga is difficult to welcome. (Photo: Ashraf Hendriks)<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Vocational training<\/h3>\n<p>Mpumalanga has three technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges that fall under the department of higher education and training (DHET). They focus on \u201cpreparing students to become functional workers in a skilled trade\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>These colleges, based in Ehlanzeni, Gert Sibande and Nkangala districts, provide practical skills training for the mining and fossil fuel industries, among other courses. At the start of the year, the department reported that more than 500,000 students had enrolled at TVET colleges countrywide.<\/p>\n<p>Oxpeckers and Climate Home reached out via email to all three TVET colleges, as well as the DHET and several other tertiary institutions in the province, to understand how skills development courses currently on offer could be applicable to the green energy sector. Similar questions were also sent to Eskom\u2019s Academy of Learning and the South African Renewable Energy Technology Centre. Despite follow-up phone calls, no responses were received at the time of publication.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/30\/revealed-consultants-close-to-industry-shaped-austalias-controversial-carbon-credit-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Consultants close<\/strong> to industry shaped Austalia\u2019s controversial carbon credit policy<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The curricula of the TVET colleges and other educational facilities needs to change to achieve the energy transition, said professor Victor Munnik, co-author of the\u00a0<em>Contested Transition\u00a0<\/em>report recently released by GroundWork.<\/p>\n<p>Training and reskilling for renewables must be \u201cfit for purpose\u201d, he said. \u201cIt should be aimed at a society that lives on renewable energy and understands how it works. There are specific specialised skills involved; for example, for the grid to become a smart grid it has to integrate a lot of IT technologies.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Changes in the education system need to include school courses \u201cto prepare young people not just to work in the new economy but to actively shape it and be part of it\u201d, Munnik said.<\/p>\n<p>Wendy Poulton, secretary general of the South African National Energy Association, added that there is a scarcity of specialist technical and managerial skills in the renewable energy sector. \u201cThis will require the education, training and upskilling of engineers and technicians to shift into renewables,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11470\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n<div id=\"attachment_48339\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48339\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48339\" src=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/Happy-Sithole.jpg\" alt=\"Happy Sithole sitting in a table with a red shirt questioning South Africa's green energy training centres\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163020\/Happy-Sithole.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163020\/Happy-Sithole-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163020\/Happy-Sithole-506x337.jpg 506w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03163020\/Happy-Sithole-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48339\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Happy Sithole, NUM health and safety chairperson in the Highveld region and an Eskom shop steward, says he has no knowledge of skills development zones in Mpumalanga. (Photo: Ashraf Hendriks)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Union concerns<\/h3>\n<p>The regional chairperson of National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in the Mpumalanga Highveld region, Malekutu Motubatse, is concerned that the current courses offered at TVET colleges and other education facilities still produce learners that will be unemployed in the near future.<\/p>\n<p>Next to each power station there is a coal mine that is used for the purpose of providing coal to the power station, he said. \u201cSo the reskilling should be a reskilling of everyone. If the government is talking about reskilling, who is going to be reskilled, Eskom employees or mine employees? Let\u2019s assume that it talks to Eskom employees, then where does it leave the coal mine workers?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Happy Sithole, NUM health and safety chairperson in the Highveld region and an Eskom shop steward, believes not many artisanal coal miners - who conduct small scale mining - will be employed in the renewables sector.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/30\/cyclone-freddy-prompts-pleas-for-urgency-on-loss-and-damage-finance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Cyclone Freddy<\/strong> prompts pleas for urgency on loss and damage finance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cWe are talking about artisans, a job that pays well. If you change from coal to renewables, what\u2019s going to happen to them?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sithole said he has no knowledge of skills development zones in Mpumalanga: \u201cWe find ourselves trying to understand what this is, because as NUM we have not seen any development.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>NUM is also unaware of a training facility that is supposed to be set up at Komati power station, which was decommissioned in October 2022 and is punted as a model for repurposing, Sithole said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have not heard of Komati becoming a training facility. All we know about Komati is that there is intent to demolish it. There\u2019s a lot of information that needs to be cleared up, and it\u2019s difficult to get answers,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Gaylor Montmasson-Clair, a senior economist at Trade &amp; Industrial Policy Strategies (TIPS), an economic research institution, said Eskom\u2019s skilled workforce has a higher chance of finding alternative jobs in other industries, such as electricians, for example.<\/p>\n<p>But coal miners might not have the same luck. \u201cTo be blunt, we must stop the delusion that the bulk of the people who are employed in coal mining are going to be employed in renewable energy. That narrative just makes no sense,\u201d Montmasson-Clair said.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11472\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n<div id=\"attachment_48337\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48337\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48337\" src=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/Duvha-power-station.jpg\" alt=\"Duvha power station, located in Mpumalanga, South Africa, operating in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162640\/Duvha-power-station.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162640\/Duvha-power-station-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162640\/Duvha-power-station-506x337.jpg 506w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162640\/Duvha-power-station-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48337\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Duvha power station, located in Mpumalanga, South Africa, is scheduled to be decommissioned between 2031 and 2034. (Photo: Ashraf Hendricks)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Construction jobs<\/h3>\n<p>Peter Venn, chief executive of Seriti Green, said the transition will create more jobs in the construction sector in the coming years. \u201cWe see a positive job growth in the renewable space for the next 10 years through the construction period,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Seriti Green is an offshoot of a mining company and will soon begin construction on South Africa\u2019s largest wind farm in Mpumalanga, with power supply due to come online by 2025.<\/p>\n<p>With Seriti being on both sides of the transition from coal mining to renewable energy supply, Venn emphasises the importance of training programmes for the skills required in the renewable sector.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Cape Peninsula University has partnered with Komati power station and Eskom to deliver skills in Mpumalanga. And there are other organisations offering significant renewable energy skills,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRenewables require across-the-spectrum skills. All the back-office skills are required, civil and electrical skills are required; it goes into IT, security, data analytics, preventative maintenance,\u201d Venn said.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11468\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n<div id=\"attachment_48338\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48338\" class=\"size-full wp-image-48338\" src=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/Emanuel-Marutle.jpg\" alt=\"Middelburg resident Emanuel Marutle dressed in black clothes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162824\/Emanuel-Marutle.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162824\/Emanuel-Marutle-252x168.jpg 252w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162824\/Emanuel-Marutle-506x337.jpg 506w, https:\/\/cdn.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2023\/04\/03162824\/Emanuel-Marutle-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-48338\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Middelburg resident Emanuel Marutle says the current education system is not even able to provide skills for learners to work in the coal-mining sector, making a transition towards renewables even more difficult.\u00a0 (Photo: Ashraf Hendriks)<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Young workers<\/h3>\n<p>According to the PCC, workers in the coal-mining sector are relatively young, with a median age of 38 years. About 90% of those employed in Mpumalanga are semi-skilled (74%), or low-skilled (17%) workers.<\/p>\n<p>The urgency for the skills they will need to diversify is heightened by the fact that transition planning is developing in the context of already high unemployment, poverty and inequality, the PCC says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese dynamics make skills diversification more complex as the just transition ought to manage job losses and create employment opportunities in a country with an unemployment rate of 33.9%,\u201d said Manale.<\/p>\n<p>Emanuel Marutle, a resident of the coal fields in Middelburg, told Oxpeckers he is worried the education system in Mpumalanga doesn\u2019t have the resources to help affected community members gain practical skills to weather the transition.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe current education system is not even able to provide skills for learners to work in the coal-mining sector, so how will it equip people with the skills needed in the renewables sector?\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/29\/international-court-of-justice-to-advise-states-on-climate-duties-a-turning-point-for-climate-justice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>International Court<\/strong> of Justice to advise states on climate duties<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Marutle said during a community consultation about the transition held \u201cby government people from Johannesburg\u201d in 2022, locals were promised that people from their municipality would be taken to undergo training for the renewable sector. This has not happened, he said.<\/p>\n<p>Given Masina, another local and a member of the Khuthala environmental group, said he hasn\u2019t heard anything about any reskilling, training, or skills development in Mpumalanga.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur kids are studying in the fields of coal, but coal is dying. People will be left without knowing what they can do,\u201d he said. \u201cIf people are skilled, they can transfer skills to other people in the communities so that they have chances of being employed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>This investigation by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/\">Climate Home News<\/a> and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/oxpeckers.org\/\"><em>Oxpeckers Investigative Environmental Journalism <\/em><\/a><em>was produced with the support of the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/\"><em>Pulitzer Center,\u00a0<\/em><\/a>and is part of a series on <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pulitzercenter.org\/projects\/reporting-south-africas-renewables-revolution\">South Africa's Renewables Revolution<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"An investigation by Oxpeckers and Climate Home found coal-reliant communities in South Africa have scarce details on how funds for reskilling workers from its $8.5 billion deal will be implemented.","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":48335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[208,6,598,439],"tags":[73,17,4978,74,5011],"coauthors":[4970],"class_list":["post-48334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-finance","category-energy","category-fossil-fuels","category-renewables","tag-coal","tag-energy-2","tag-jetp","tag-south-africa","tag-south-africas-renewable-revolution","type-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>South African coal workers lack clear retraining path for energy transition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An investigation by Climate Home News and Oxpeckers in South Africa found a lack of information on retraining for renewables has 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