{"id":48212,"date":"2023-03-15T17:18:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-15T17:18:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/?p=48212"},"modified":"2023-03-16T07:02:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T07:02:07","slug":"imf-approves-first-batch-of-climate-resilience-loans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2023\/03\/15\/imf-approves-first-batch-of-climate-resilience-loans\/","title":{"rendered":"IMF approves first batch of climate resilience loans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jamaica is the latest country to get IMF board approval for loans under the Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST), following the acceptance of Costa Rica, Barbados, Rwanda and Bangladesh in the last six months. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

The multi-million-dollar finance packages vary for each country, from $183 million for Barbados to $1.4 billion for Bangladesh, and recipients have different ideas of how they will spend the money.<\/p>\n

The RST fund, set up last year, was aimed at redistributing affordable finance from rich to poorer countries, along with policy support to manage macro-economic climate risks. The IMF believes<\/a> it can also catalyse essential private sector financing to boost climate action and to decarbonise financial markets.<\/p>\n

Experts hailed the move as \u201cpivotal\u201d<\/a> in helping vulnerable nations address the triple crises of debt, Covid and climate change, and said it could fill a gap in climate finance architecture.<\/p>\n

Commenting on Jamaica\u2019s $764 million agreement<\/a>, Bo Li, deputy managing director and acting chair of the IMF board, said the funding would create incentives to \u201cswitch to renewables, reduce energy consumption, develop green financial instruments, and require proper management of climate risks in the financial sector\u201d.<\/p>\n

US backs<\/strong> Ajay Banga to lead World Bank in climate fight<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

But there was concern that the strings attached would exclude many nations in need<\/a>. Countries need to show they can repay the loan to the IMF, present a package of policy measures for how they would use the support, such as carbon-cutting and adaptation measures, and already have a programme of policy reforms with the IMF.<\/p>\n

‘Major accomplishment’<\/h3>\n

Ronan Palmer, clean economy director for think-tank E3G, took \u201cgreat heart\u201d from the fact that RST money had so far been approved for a diverse range of countries, including fossil producers such as Barbados, and countries at significant physical risk from climate change such as Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis shows that the trust does have capacity to reach across the issues in climate,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

He said Jamaica’s loan could help protect it against <\/span>climate risk “so vital in a country at increasing risk of Caribbean storms” and its <\/span>economy from the risks of transition. <\/span><\/p>\n

“A small economy like Jamaica will be very exposed to the kind of price and exchange rate pressures that could come as the world moves on from fossil fuels, or changes production patterns, [for example] in the shift to EVs from internal combustion engines.”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

John Hicklin, non-resident fellow of the Center for Global Development and a former senior IMF official, wrote in a blog<\/a> that getting this far was a \u201cmajor accomplishment\u201d.<\/p>\n

But he said the conditions built into the loans would not necessarily help in their aim of helping countries become more resilient to external shocks and grow sustainably.<\/p>\n

Austerity measures<\/h3>\n

Anaitee Mills, a sustainable development expert who helped develop Jamaica\u2019s disaster risk financing policy, said the approval of that policy was one of the milestones it had to achieve to be able to draw money from the RST.<\/p>\n

Other conditions, such as liberalising domestic power sectors or imposing strict public spending austerity measures, are more problematic.<\/p>\n

Lara Merling, senior policy advisor at Boston University\u2019s Global Development Policy Center, said the RST does not resolve existing structural problems with IMF funding. According to its own report<\/a>, only about a third of IMF programmes are ever completed.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll of these programmes are fiscal consolidation, austerity-based programmes,\u201d said Merling. \u201cSo it’s not exactly the type of programme that creates an environment that’s favourable to more investment and climate investment.\u201d<\/p>\n

World Bank backs mega dam threatening to displace thousands in Mozambique<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The IMF hoped to lend $30 billion initially through the RST, increasing to $50 billion in the medium term. The first five packages approve about $3.4 billion of loans.<\/p>\n

As of the end of February, however, no money had yet been disbursed<\/a>, because it is contingent on the completion of other IMF programmes.<\/p>\n

One expert told Climate Home News there had been low uptake for the RST so far because it had not been designed with the interests of the countries that really need it. It is not available to those without existing IMF programmes and the quota system means smaller countries have little to gain.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, it can add to the underlying debt burden. This, the IMF itself recognises, exacerbates a country\u2019s vulnerability to climate impacts<\/a> because \u201cdebt problems reduce fiscal space for climate mitigation and adaptation investments\u201d.<\/p>\n

‘Vicious cycle’<\/h3>\n

A recent UN Conference on Trade and Development<\/a> (UNCTAD) report warns against \u201ca vicious cycle of perpetual vulnerabilities and economic stagnation\u201d across indebted economies on the front lines of climate change, saying the two issues have to be tackled in tandem.<\/p>\n

Merling said it was not clear how the fund would be evaluated in terms of climate resilience.<\/p>\n

She noted that some countries have detailed ideas of how they will spend the money. Costa Rica, for example, plans to issue guidelines<\/a> for climate budget tagging so that it can better integrate climate risks into its fiscal planning.<\/p>\n

By comparison, Rwanda<\/a> and Barbados<\/a> refer to vaguer World Bank country climate development recommendations.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo one will be upset about the idea of having cheaper long-term loans and climate is macro critical,\u201d said Merling. \u201cBut how are they actually going to follow this type of conditionality and know if it really helping or not?\u201d<\/p>\n

Building global resilience<\/h3>\n

Critics also note that the sums involved are a drop in the ocean when compared to the huge amount required to build global resilience. UNEP estimates<\/a> $340 billion will be needed every year for adaptation, but only about 7% of climate finance flows<\/a> are currently spent in that direction.<\/p>\n

Merling believes it is not enough for the IMF to sideline climate into one discrete fund, adding that all economic policy measures must allow countries to invest in climate resilience and emissions reductions.<\/p>\n

“You can’t really have this little climate fund on the side and then in your main projects and operations just ignore climate or do things that leave countries behind from being able to finance their transition,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Centre for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), a liberal Washington-based think tank, has a bolder suggestion to reform the IMF<\/a>; give more decision-making powers to countries most affected by climate change and those that contributed least to the problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Five countries had loan packages approved under the IMF\u2019s first sustainability fund, but concerns remain about whether it will boost resilience for the most vulnerable nations\u00a0","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":48216,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3863,1483,3859],"tags":[281,3888,1207,2394,3996,673],"coauthors":[4423],"class_list":["post-48212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-finance","category-un-climate-talks","category-world","tag-bangladesh","tag-barbados","tag-costa-rica","tag-imf","tag-jamaica","tag-rwanda","type-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIMF approves first batch of climate resilience loans<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jamaica, Costa Rica, Bangladesh, Rwanda and Barbados accessed the first batch of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) climate change loans.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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