{"id":45774,"date":"2022-01-31T17:52:29","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T17:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=45774"},"modified":"2022-01-31T17:55:53","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T17:55:53","slug":"turkey-opens-laboratory-grow-algae-jet-fuel-eu-backed-clean-aviation-push","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2022\/01\/31\/turkey-opens-laboratory-grow-algae-jet-fuel-eu-backed-clean-aviation-push\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkey opens laboratory to grow algae for jet fuel, in EU-backed clean aviation push"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>A laboratory to grow algae for jet fuel opened in Istanbul this month, as part of an EU-backed push to cut carbon emissions from flying.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The \u20ac6m ($6.8m) demonstration project is funded by the European Union and Turkish government. It will grow simple water-based plants, known as algae, in outdoor ponds and indoor tubes, and refine them into fuel and other products.<\/p>\n<p>After touring the site on Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University&#8217;s campus and handing out algae-based chocolates to reporters, Turkish energy and natural resources minister <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/turkey\/europes-first-carbon-negative-biorefinery-opens-in-istanbul\/news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mustafa Varank said<\/a>: \u201cThe work is underway for the use of biofuels produced here by Turkish Airlines. We want [them] to carry out [their] first flight using biofuel from here before the end of 2022.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Experts told Climate Home News biofuel from algae had potential but expressed scepticism it could be produced on a\u00a0scale to break aviation&#8217;s dependence on fossil fuels.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"tr\">Yak\u0131nda, yosundan \u00fcretilen biojet yak\u0131t\u0131 kullan\u0131lan u\u00e7aklarda seyahat edebilece\u011finizi biliyor muydunuz?<\/p>\n<p>Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk ve tek karbon negatif entegre biorafineri projesinde pilot \u00fcretimler ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelece\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de! <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/KxalDGj6Rm\">pic.twitter.com\/KxalDGj6Rm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Mustafa Varank (@varank) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/varank\/status\/1479711413274914819?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 8, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Dan Rutherford is the aviation director of the International Council on Clean Transportation. He said: &#8220;Algae jet fuel is kind of like disco, [it] comes back every decade or so but in a worse form. The US government has been picking at this for at least 30 years and has never figured it out.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In 2011, a plane flew from Houston to Chicago powered by fuel which was 40% algae-based and 60% petroleum. Solazyme, the San Francisco-based company which developed the fuel, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaculturenorthamerica.com\/terravia-files-for-bankruptcy-1738\/#:~:text=Algae%20nutrient%20producer%20TerraVia%20(NASDAQ,substantially%20all%20of%20TerraVia's%20assets.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed for bankruptcy<\/a> in 2017.<\/p>\n<p>Aviation is a notoriously difficult sector to clean up. Electric batteries, the main solution to land-based transport, are heavy and not powerful enough to keep planes in the sky for long periods.<\/p>\n<p>Biofuels made from plants like soy compete with forests and farms for land. As water-based plants, algae don&#8217;t pose that problem &#8211; but they still have issues.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2022\/01\/26\/named-oil-companies-gambling-climate-failure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Named:<\/strong> The oil companies gambling on climate failure<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The main challenge is competing on price. The price of traditional jet fuel from petroleum has doubled in the past year to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iata.org\/en\/publications\/economics\/fuel-monitor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$830 a tonne<\/a>. It is still cheaper than sustainable alternatives, which a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/mckinsey\/industries\/travel%20transport%20and%20logistics\/our%20insights\/scaling%20sustainable%20aviation%20fuel%20today%20for%20clean%20skies%20tomorrow\/clean-skies-for-tomorrow.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McKinsey analysis<\/a> in 2020 costed at $1,300-3,800\/t, depending on the production method.<\/p>\n<p>Berat Haznedaroglu, director of the Istanbul project, told Climate Home he was aiming to get the price down to $1,000\/t for algae-derived fuel. He expects interest in clean fuels to grow as governments, airlines and airports try to meet their climate commitments.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;There will be a mandate coming from [industry body] IATA and the governments,&#8221; he said, adding that the increased cost of using clean fuels would be passed on to passengers. &#8220;I think it&#8217;s going to be \u20ac10-15 ($11-17) per ticket&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Brussels-based thinktank Transport and Environment&#8217;s aviation director Andrew Murphy said: &#8220;EU investment in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development in Turkey is a good strategy to bring that aviation market into the scope of its own SAF measures such as ReFuelEU.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>But, he added: &#8220;Algae has some concerns due to scalability, so both the EU and Turkey need to fund feedstocks which can be more easily expanded.&#8221; For example, he proposed hydrogen derived fuels like e-kerosene.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/climatechangenews.com\/2022\/01\/25\/uk-switzerland-accused-undermining-eu-green-treaty-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>UK, Switzerland<\/strong> accused of undermining EU green treaty reforms<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Haznedaroglu said that hydrogen-derived fuels were &#8220;a part of the toolbox&#8221; but that most hydrogen is still made from fossil fuels and &#8220;the research path for hydrogen is still a little behind algae&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The Istanbul facility is a university-based demonstration project. It aims to prove the concept, not to become a large-scale supplier itself.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" style=\"background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);\" data-instgrm-captioned=\"\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CN9aKsZDdnc\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\">\n<div style=\"padding: 16px;\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\">\n<div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: auto;\">\n<div style=\"width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\">\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;\"><a style=\"color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CN9aKsZDdnc\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A post shared by independent &#8211; IPA (@independent_ipa)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Another limiting factor is the weather. A US energy department <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/prod\/files\/2020\/09\/f78\/beto-sust-aviation-fuel-sep-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study found that<\/a> algae production rates &#8220;vary dramatically from summer to winter, even in places like Florida&#8221;. Istanbul has an average maximum daily air temperature in January of 9C (48F).<\/p>\n<p>Haznedaroglu said it would be preferable to grow algae in warmer southern Turkey, but there are cold-resistant forms of algae which survived recent snows in Istanbul. Algae grows in places as cold as Iceland.<\/p>\n<p>The Istanbul facility will produce algae for food supplements, animal feed and fertilisers as well as jet fuel.<\/p>\n<p>Rutherford said: &#8220;That&#8217;s a recurring theme on biofuels generally for aviation. You start off saying &#8216;jet fuel&#8217; and then you start producing products and a lot of them are pretty fungible. They end up cosmetics, food, replacing petrochemicals.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Haznedaroglu said that 80 cubic metres of the site&#8217;s 110 cubic metres are dedicated to biofuel production in outdoor ponds. The other 30 cubic metres are the indoor tubes.<\/p>\n<p>These are more expensive but less likely to be contaminated by pollution. These are used for products like food supplements where avoiding contamination is particularly important.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ministers hope Turkish Airlines will make its first biofuelled flight by the end of 2022, but experts are sceptical algae can make much of a dent in aviation emissions","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":45785,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[3896,249],"coauthors":[4545],"class_list":["post-45774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation","tag-aviation","tag-turkey","type-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Turkey opens laboratory to grow algae for jet fuel, in EU-backed clean aviation push<\/title>\n<meta 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