{"id":32524,"date":"2016-12-21T09:14:25","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T09:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/?p=32524"},"modified":"2016-12-23T14:45:22","modified_gmt":"2016-12-23T14:45:22","slug":"turkish-gas-companies-with-corrupt-past-get-world-bank-loan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2016\/12\/21\/turkish-gas-companies-with-corrupt-past-get-world-bank-loan\/","title":{"rendered":"Turkish gas companies with corrupt past get World Bank loan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The World Bank has approved $800m in loans for a gas pipeline through\u00a0Turkey and Azerbaijan that\u00a0will be built by several companies with a history of\u00a0corruption scandals.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The World Bank&#8217;s board of directors on Tuesday granted\u00a0$400m loans to the Turkish and Azeri governments to complete their 1,850 km segment of the Southern Gas Corridor &#8211; known as the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (Tanap) &#8211; which will connect southern Europe with gas fields in\u00a0Azerbaijan.<\/p>\n<p>In Turkey, the World Bank loan\u00a0will be overseen by state-owned corporation Botas, which has contracted various construction companies\u00a0to complete sections of the work.<\/p>\n<p>Powerful\u00a0executives within\u00a0these companies were convicted for their involvement in organised gangs that systematically rigged\u00a0tenders in the energy sector during the 1990s and 2000s,\u00a0according to <a href=\"http:\/\/bankwatch.org\/sites\/default\/files\/risky-business.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a report<\/a> released last week by Bankwatch.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/SouthernGasCorridor?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SouthernGasCorridor<\/a> or Southern Graft Corridor? Who benefits from Europe&#39;s pet <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/energy?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#energy<\/a> project? <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0hSC3tSQjN\">https:\/\/t.co\/0hSC3tSQjN<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/corruption?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#corruption<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/CIFTuwsQZs\">pic.twitter.com\/CIFTuwsQZs<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Bankwatch (@ceebankwatch) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ceebankwatch\/status\/809039096047865857?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 14, 2016<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The Fernas group, which\u00a0will build a 375km section through northeastern Turkey from the Georgian border,\u00a0is owned by Muzaffer Nasiro\u011flu. Nasiro\u011flu was jailed for bribery and corruption in 2005. The\u00a0current CEO of Fernas, Ya\u015far Giregiz, was\u00a0also\u00a0convicted for his\u00a0involvement.<\/p>\n<p>At the opposite end of the pipeline, where the Limak company will build the section that\u00a0crosses the Greek border, the chairman of Limak Nihat \u00d6zdemir was convicted in 2008 for his involvement in rigging tenders, including for pipeline projects.<\/p>\n<p>Botas, the state-owned pipeline company that granted tenders to Limak, Fernas and others, was at the centre of a massive\u00a0investigation, known as Operation Blue Line, which\u00a0lead to 77 executives (including Nasiro\u011flu and \u00d6zdemir) standing trial in 2008.<\/p>\n<p>Initially a\u00a0court sentenced all 77\u00a0defendants to jail, but a series of appeals finally lead to an overturning of the judgement in the Supreme Court in March 2016 due to insufficient evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Sakir Arikan, who works with Fernas and\u00a0was one of the 77 executives involved in the\u00a0Operation Blue Line, told Climate Home that the accusations in the Bankwatch report were false and that the executives had been exonerated. He said that the judges in the case had been jailed for their part in an\u00a0attempted coup in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The World Bank has been contacted for comment on the contents of the Bankwatch report.<\/p>\n<p>On announcing the loan on Tuesday, World Bank vice-president for Europe and Central Asia Cyril Muller said: \u201cTanap will not only boost competitiveness and create economic opportunities for people in Azerbaijan and Turkey, it will also support regional trade, improve connectivity, and support energy security in Turkey and in Europe.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2016\/11\/25\/human-rights-report-quashed-in-push-for-azerbaijan-eu-gas-pipeline\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Report:<\/strong> Human rights review quashed in push for Azerbaijan-EU gas pipeline<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.counter-balance.org\" target=\"_blank\">coalition of civil society groups<\/a>, including Bankwatch, oppose the construction of the pipeline. They argued that the corruption exposed by the report raises doubts\u00a0that the\u00a0project would provide public benefit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is hard to see how the World Bank\u2019s support to this project will benefit in any way citizens in Azerbaijan and Turkey. Such financing is at odds with any development logic since it mainly reinforces the reliance of both countries on revenues linked to fossil fuels for the autocratic regimes in place,\u201d said\u00a0Xavier Sol, director of Counter Balance.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYesterday\u2019s decision comes at a time when Turkey\u2019s ongoing martial law means intensifying crackdown on journalists and civil society, thus preventing vital public scrutiny of the largest infrastructure project in the country,\u201d said\u00a0Anna Roggenbuck, a policy officer at Bankwatch.<\/p>\n<p>The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was\u00a0scheduled to vote on Wednesday\u00a0on its own $600m loan to Tanap. A World Bank <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2016\/12\/20\/world-bank-group-supports-diversification-of-azerbaijans-gas-export-markets-and-security-of-energy-supply-for-turkey-and-europe\" target=\"_blank\">press release<\/a>\u00a0implied that several other development banks that have been considering loans were joining the bank in a coalition to\u00a0support the Southern Gas Corridor. However there\u00a0was no confirmation of this on other development bank websites.<\/p>\n<p>According to Bankwatch, a total of $9.4bn in public development\u00a0finance is under consideration for the $45bn project.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/newsletter-sign-up\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Weekly briefing:<\/strong>\u00a0Sign up for your essential climate politics update<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In Azerbaijan, the World Bank&#8217;s $400m loan\u00a0will also be handled by state owned companies. The regime, headed by\u00a0president Ilham Aliyev, has a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2016\/country-chapters\/azerbaijan\" target=\"_blank\">deeply troubling human rights record<\/a>. But energy security and the supply of gas to Europe have tempted politicians to overlook and even <a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/2016\/11\/25\/human-rights-report-quashed-in-push-for-azerbaijan-eu-gas-pipeline\/\" target=\"_blank\">actively quash<\/a> those concerns in order to curry favour in Baku.<\/p>\n<p>However <a href=\"https:\/\/www.e3g.org\/docs\/E3G_Energy_Security_and_the_Connecting_Europe_Facility_110914.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">analysis<\/a> by the\u00a0London-based environmental think tank\u00a0E3G\u00a0found that the argument that the Southern Gas Corridor was necessary to secure energy supply was based\u00a0on an assumption that the 2030\u00a0gas demand would be\u00a072% higher than expected, should Europe meet its energy efficiency targets.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This is not rocket science, why would you pipe gas in from Asia? For what reason are you doing it when there is a glut of gas capacity across Europe?&#8221; said\u00a0E3G chief executive Nick Mabey.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;With clever, integrated infrastructure planning, which we don&#8217;t do in Europe, you could get energy security much cheaper and with much less capital outlay. But of course, for lots of people, the capital outlay is the whole point, because that&#8217;s where you get the 10% and that&#8217;s where people make their money.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The Bankwatch report <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2016\/dec\/16\/europe-development-banks-plan-5bn-backing-for-gas-project-with-mafia-links-bankwatch-report\" target=\"_blank\">also highlighted<\/a> corruption and organised crime links in Italian and Greek companies that have won contracts to work on lower sections of the pipeline.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UPDATE:\u00a0<\/strong>According to reports, the\u00a0Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) approved a $600m loan to\u00a0the Tanap project on Wednesday. It is the biggest ever loan made by the AIIB.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>What is the Southern Gas Corridor?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bp.com\/en_az\/caspian\/operationsprojects\/Shahdeniz\/SouthernCorridor.html\" target=\"_blank\">BP calls it<\/a>\u00a0\u201carguably the global oil and gas industry\u2019s most significant and ambitious undertaking yet\u201d. It is a three part pipeline that, if completed, will carry gas from the\u00a0Shah Deniz 2\u00a0oil field in Azerbaijan\u2019s Caspian Sea through Georgia, Turkey, Greece, Albania into southern Italy.<\/p>\n<p>The pipeline is supposed to reduce the EU\u2019s dependence on Russian gas. Campaigners argue that it is likely to become a stranded asset as gas demand in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordenergy.org\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/NG-87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Europe is predicted to remain stagnant<\/a>. Many\u00a0have raised concerns about deepening Europe\u2019s financial and political cooperation\u00a0with the autocratic\u00a0Aliyev regime.<\/p>\n<p>Total cost: Estimated at US$45bn<\/p>\n<p>Timeframe: Construction is underway, due to be completed by\u00a02020<\/p>\n<p>Sections:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP) \u2013 Azerbaijan, Georgia<\/li>\n<li>Trans Anatolian Pipeline (Tanap) \u2013 Turkey<\/li>\n<li>Trans Adriatic Pipeline (Tap) \u2013 Greece, Albania, Italy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_32183\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32183\" src=\"http:\/\/www.climatechangenews.com\/files\/2016\/11\/TAP_Southern_Gas_Corridor_EN_rgb_672x224-e1480008567916.png\" alt=\"Source: TAP\" width=\"600\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: TAP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ownership: At least 11\u00a0different companies are involved in the corporate ownership structures of the various sections. Major players include BP,\u00a0Azerbaijan\u2019s state oil company SOCAR,\u00a0Turkish Petroleum,\u00a0Petronas,\u00a0Lukoil, Total and\u00a0Snam.<\/p>\n<p>Public finances: The<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/da3ceeae-1c29-11e6-b286-cddde55ca122\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.naturalgasworld.com\/adb-considers-a-1.5-bln-financial-package-for-azerbaijan-29422\" target=\"_blank\">Asian Development Bank<\/a> and\u00a0are all considering publicly-backed loans for\u00a0the development in excess of $500m each. The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFR4N18O00G\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank<\/a>\u00a0has approved an $800m loan.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Businessmen who have secured contracts to build massive gas pipeline linking EU and Azerbaijan were convicted for tender rigging and bribery","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":32528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1847,6,82,598],"tags":[4077],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-32524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia","category-energy","category-eu","category-fossil-fuels","tag-azerbaijan","type-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Turkish gas companies with 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